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Compositional Differences in the Oral Microbiome of E-cigarette Users.

Jessica Chopyk1, Christine M Bojanowski2,3,4, John Shin3,4

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|June 17, 2021
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Summary

Electronic cigarette use alters the oral microbiome. Vaping significantly changes saliva and buccal mucosa bacterial diversity and composition in users compared to non-smokers/non-vapers.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Health
  • Oral Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are marketed as safer alternatives to conventional tobacco.
  • Limited data exists on e-cigarette aerosol effects on the human oral microbiome.
  • The oral microbiome plays a crucial role in overall health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of e-cigarette aerosol deposition on the oral microbiome.
  • To compare microbial community profiles between e-cigarette users and healthy controls (non-smokers/non-vapers).
  • To determine if vaping induces persistent changes in the oral microbiome.

Main Methods:

  • Collected salivary and buccal mucosa samples from e-cigarette users and controls.
  • Collected additional oral samples from e-cigarette users after reduced vaping.
  • Analyzed microbial community profiles using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V4 regions).

Main Results:

  • E-cigarette users showed higher salivary alpha diversity (OTUs, Faith's PD) compared to controls, decreasing with reduced vaping.
  • Buccal mucosa samples exhibited significant beta diversity shifts in e-cigarette users.
  • Increased abundance of *Veillonella* and *Haemophilus* observed in e-cigarette users' oral samples.
  • A trend towards higher *Staphylococcus aureus* colonization in nasal swabs of e-cigarette users.

Conclusions:

  • E-cigarette use leads to notable differences in oral bacterial community composition and diversity.
  • Vaping impacts both saliva and buccal mucosa microbial profiles.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term health implications of vaping-induced oral microbiome alterations.