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Updated: Nov 2, 2025

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Programmed cell death in stem cell-based therapy: Mechanisms and clinical applications

Xi-Min Hu1, Qi Zhang1, Rui-Xin Zhou1

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China.

World Journal of Stem Cells
|June 17, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Transplanted stem cells often die, hindering tissue repair. This review explores programmed cell death mechanisms and strategies to improve stem cell survival for better therapeutic outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • * Regenerative Medicine
  • * Stem Cell Biology
  • * Cell Death Mechanisms

Background:

  • * Stem cell-based therapies offer promise for tissue repair and functional recovery.
  • * High rates of transplanted stem cell death impede therapeutic success and prognosis.
  • * Understanding stem cell death is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the mechanisms underlying transplanted stem cell death.
  • * To explore programmed cell death pathways affecting stem cell fate.
  • * To discuss strategies for enhancing stem cell viability and transplantation success.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of scientific literature on stem cell death mechanisms.
  • * Analysis of programmed cell death pathways including apoptosis and autophagy.
  • * Examination of factors contributing to cell death like oxidative stress and ischemia/hypoxia.

Main Results:

  • * Transplanted stem cells face multiple death pathways, including apoptosis, excessive autophagy, inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and ischemia/hypoxia.
  • * A complex network of cell death pathways, rather than a single pathway, determines stem cell fate.
  • * Identifying and targeting these molecular pathways is key to improving stem cell survival.

Conclusions:

  • * Enhancing transplanted stem cell survival is critical for successful regenerative therapies.
  • * Targeting the intricate network of programmed cell death pathways presents therapeutic opportunities.
  • * Further research into these mechanisms and therapeutic strategies is warranted to optimize stem cell transplantation.
Keywords:
ApoptosisAutophagyProgrammed cell deathStem cellTherapeutic strategies

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