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Updated: Nov 2, 2025

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Muscles Affecting Minimum Toe Clearance.

Chamalka Kenneth Perera1, Alpha Agape Gopalai1, Siti Anom Ahmad2

  • 1School of Engineering, Monash University, Selangor, Malaysia.

Frontiers in Public Health
|June 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Muscle activity retention taping (MART) in young adults significantly reduced minimum toe clearance (MTC), mimicking elderly gait. This highlights the crucial role of shank muscles, particularly the Tibialis Anterior, in maintaining MTC and preventing falls.

Keywords:
aginggaitgastrocnemiusjoint angleminimum toe clearancesurface electromyographytibialis anterior

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Gerontology
  • Musculoskeletal Research

Background:

  • Minimum toe clearance (MTC) declines with age, increasing fall risk.
  • Understanding shank muscle function is key to addressing age-related gait instability.
  • Muscle activity retention taping (MART) can simulate impaired MTC in younger populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of anterior and posterior shank muscles on MTC.
  • To assess the effects of MART on muscle activation and gait kinematics.
  • To identify key shank muscles involved in maintaining MTC during gait.

Main Methods:

  • Surface electromyography (SEMG) measured muscle activation in young adults.
  • Optical motion capture system analyzed kinematic parameters (MTC, joint angles).
  • Muscle activity retention taping (MART) was applied to simulate reduced MTC.

Main Results:

  • MART significantly reduced MTC, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion.
  • Muscle activation increased significantly, contrary to expectations for elderly gait.
  • The Tibialis Anterior showed the highest muscle activation during the swing phase.

Conclusions:

  • Shank muscles, especially the Tibialis Anterior, are critical for maintaining MTC.
  • MART effectively simulates reduced MTC and highlights the compensatory role of healthy muscles.
  • Age-related weakening and stiffening of shank muscles likely contribute to reduced MTC and increased fall risk.