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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Diffusion models reveal white matter microstructural changes with ageing, pathology and cognition.

Sheelakumari Raghavan1, Robert I Reid2, Scott A Przybelski3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Brain Communications
|June 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Advanced MRI techniques reveal that aging and white matter hyperintensities significantly impact white matter microstructure. Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging offers deeper insights into brain aging and disease compared to Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

Keywords:
cerebrovascular diseasediffusion tensor imagingneurite dispersion density imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • White Matter Microstructure
  • Aging and Cognition

Background:

  • White matter microstructure changes throughout life, but its relationship with aging and disease is not fully understood.
  • Existing diffusion MRI models like Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) provide valuable insights, but advanced techniques may offer more detailed information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate white matter microstructural alterations using Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) in relation to demographics, aging pathologies (amyloid, tau, white matter hyperintensities), and cognitive function.
  • To compare NODDI findings with traditional DTI measures.
  • To explore the association between white matter integrity and cognitive outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multi-shell diffusion imaging, FLAIR MRI, and amyloid/tau PET scans from 328 participants in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.
  • Calculated white matter tract diffusion measures using both DTI and NODDI models.
  • Performed correlation and regression analyses to identify predictors of diffusion measures and the impact of diffusion measures on cognition.

Main Results:

  • Age and white matter hyperintensities were the primary drivers of white matter diffusion measure changes, with weaker links to amyloid and tau.
  • NODDI revealed decreased neurite density associated with amyloidosis in temporal lobes.
  • White matter integrity in the corpus callosum, measured by mean diffusivity and free water, strongly correlated with cognitive performance.

Conclusions:

  • Both DTI and NODDI provide complementary information on white matter aging and disease-related changes.
  • NODDI offers additional insights into synaptic density, organization, and free water, potentially elucidating disease progression mechanisms.
  • White matter integrity is crucial for cognitive function, with specific measures showing significant associations.