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Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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Regional apparent density correlations within the proximal humerus.

Jacob M Reeves1, Tom Vanasse2, Chris Roche2

  • 1University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.

JSES International
|June 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone density assessments for shoulder arthroplasty implants should evaluate bone beneath the humeral resection, not the resected head. Each anatomic quadrant requires independent evaluation for accurate bone quality assessment.

Keywords:
Apparent bone densityApparent densityBone qualityDensity correlationProximal humerusShoulder arthorplastyThumb test

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Bone quality is critical for selecting humeral implants in shoulder arthroplasty.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the correlation between bone density at the humeral resection site and more distal cancellous bone.
  • This study quantifies density correlations between the humeral head resection plane and proximal humerus metaphysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the correlation between apparent bone density near the humeral resection plane and cancellous bone sites throughout the proximal humerus metaphysis.
  • To inform optimal bone quality assessment strategies for shoulder arthroplasty implant selection.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) data from 98 subjects were analyzed.
  • Apparent bone density was quantified in 65 regions of the proximal humerus.
  • Pearson's correlation coefficient assessed density relationships between the humeral resection site and supporting regions, with comparisons based on region, slice, and anatomic section.

Main Results:

  • Bone sampled beneath the resection plane showed stronger density correlations (r = 0.33–0.88) compared to the resected humeral head (r = 0.22–0.66).
  • No single sample region strongly correlated with all supporting regions.
  • Strong correlations were observed when sample and support regions were from the same anatomic section.

Conclusions:

  • Bone quality assessments for proximal humerus should be performed on bone beneath the resection, not the resected humeral head.
  • Independent assessment of each anatomic quadrant is recommended for accurate bone quality evaluation in shoulder arthroplasty.