Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

857
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
857
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

253
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
253
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

1.3K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.3K
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

452
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
452
Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

218
Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
Dissociative Fugue
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue...
218
Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action01:26

Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action

3.0K
Neurochemical transmission, the conduction of electrical impulses between neurons mediated by neurotransmitters, plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Autonomic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmission within the autonomic nervous system. For instance, drugs such as hemicholinium block the precursor uptake necessary for synthesizing acetylcholine, an essential autonomic neurotransmitter. Following synthesis, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles. Metyrosine...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Altered functional hierarchical and sequential organization in individuals with schizophrenia during auditory processing.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Cerebellar aging is spatially heterogeneous and supports cognitive resilience in later life.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Decomposing neuroanatomical heterogeneity in depression: insights from an ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group study in 5146 individuals.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Functional network contributions to longitudinal tau spread in Posterior Cortical Atrophy.

NPJ dementia·2026
Same author

Corticostriatal connectivity in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Cerebellar aging is spatially heterogeneous and supports cognitive resilience in later life.

Nature neuroscience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

10.8K

Distance disintegration characterizes node-level topological dysfunctions in cocaine addiction.

Víctor Costumero1, Patricia Rosell Negre1, Juan Carlos Bustamante2

  • 1Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Basic Psychology, University Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.

Addiction Biology
|June 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that cocaine use disorder (CUD) alters brain network topology, increasing communication distances in key areas. These findings suggest reduced regional communication capacity in addiction.

Keywords:
addictioncocainefunctional connectivitygraph theoryoptimal connectivity distanceresting state

More Related Videos

Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior
10:05

Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior

Published on: September 16, 2015

14.6K
Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 1, 2025

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

10.8K
Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior
10:05

Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior

Published on: September 16, 2015

14.6K
Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Previous studies on cocaine use disorder (CUD) have utilized global graph theory measures to understand neural reorganization.
  • However, the specific mapping of these global topological alterations to individual brain network areas in CUD remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate node-level topological dysfunctions in the brain networks of individuals with CUD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To identify specific brain regions affected by topological alterations and their relationship with clinical measures of addiction severity and abstinence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state fMRI data from 32 individuals with CUD and 32 matched healthy controls.
  • Applied graph theory measures, including optimal connectivity distance, node strength, nodal efficiency, and clustering coefficient, to voxel-wise functional connectivity connectomes.
  • Analyzed relationships between topological measures and clinical indicators like dependence severity and abstinence length.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with CUD exhibited significantly higher optimal connectivity distances in several brain regions, including the ventral striatum, insula, cerebellum, temporal cortex, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, middle frontal cortex, and left hippocampus, compared to controls.
  • Positive correlations were found between dependence severity and optimal connectivity distances in the right rolandic operculum and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex.
  • Negative associations were observed between abstinence length and optimal connectivity distances in the right temporal pole and left insula.

Conclusions:

  • The findings indicate a 'topological distancing' of brain regions associated with cognitive and affective functions in individuals with CUD.
  • This topological alteration suggests a general reduction in the communication capacity of these critical brain regions in the context of addiction.
  • Node-level network analysis provides a more granular understanding of brain alterations in CUD, complementing global network studies.