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Research progress on tissue engineering in repairing tempomandibular joint.

Chenyu Wang1, Yingnan Wang1, Cunyi Wang1

  • 1Hospital.

Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical Sciences
|June 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tissue engineering offers solutions for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) by repairing temporomandibular joint disc (TMJD) perforations and condylar osteochondral complex (COCC) destruction using advanced scaffolds and stem cells.

Keywords:
OsteoarthritisOsteochondral complexReviewTemporomandibular jointTemporomandibular joint discTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) involves temporomandibular joint disc (TMJD) perforation and condylar osteochondral complex (COCC) destruction.
  • Tissue engineering presents a promising strategy for repairing TMJOA-related damage.
  • Composite scaffolds, combining natural and synthetic materials, enhance scaffold performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in tissue engineering for repairing condylar osteochondral complex (COCC) and temporomandibular joint disc (TMJD) damage.
  • To focus on advancements in scaffold materials, seed cells, and bioactive factors for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissue engineering.
  • To provide insights for future research design and clinical interventions in TMJ repair.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing composite scaffolds with combined advantages of natural and synthetic materials.
  • Employing minimally invasive gelling methods to reduce surgical trauma and improve material anastomosis.
  • Exploring extracellular matrix scaffolds for simulating the extracellular environment and addressing scaffold source limitations.

Main Results:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells from various sources are widely used, with fibrochondral stem cells showing potential.
  • Transforming growth factor β superfamily and platelet-rich derivatives are utilized for their osteochondrogenesis activity.
  • Research is increasingly incorporating extracellular microenvironment regulation via mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, and mechanical stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue engineering strategies, particularly composite scaffolds and stem cell therapies, are advancing TMJOA repair.
  • Minimally invasive techniques and extracellular matrix scaffolds facilitate clinical translation.
  • Future trends may involve combining complex bioactive factors with stress stimulation for enhanced TMJ tissue regeneration.