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Engineering Mesoporous Structure in Amorphous Carbon Boosts Potassium Storage with High Initial Coulombic Efficiency.

Ruiting Guo1, Xiong Liu1, Bo Wen1

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Summary

Mesoporous carbon (meso-C) nanowires were engineered to improve potassium-ion batteries. This pore engineering strategy enhances ion diffusion and intercalation, leading to higher capacity and initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE).

Keywords:
Initial Coulombic efficiencyMesopores engineeringPotassium-ion batteryStorage mechanism

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Amorphous carbon is a promising anode for potassium-ion batteries but suffers from high irreversible capacity and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to defects and micropores trapping K+ ions.
  • This limits the practical application of amorphous carbon in high-performance potassium-ion batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer mesoporous carbon (meso-C) nanowires with an interconnected framework to overcome the limitations of amorphous carbon anodes.
  • To enhance potassium-ion (K+) diffusion and intercalation storage by optimizing pore structure.

Main Methods:

  • A facile self-etching strategy was employed to create mesoporous carbon (meso-C) nanowires.
  • The resulting meso-C structure was characterized using various in/ex situ techniques to analyze its properties and performance during battery cycling.

Main Results:

  • The engineered meso-C nanowires exhibit abundant, evenly distributed mesopores that facilitate rapid K+ diffusion.
  • Compared to microporous carbon, the meso-C with a Zn-catalyzed short-range ordered structure shows improved K+ intercalation, resulting in a capacity increase of ~100 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1.
  • The meso-C demonstrates excellent capacity retention of 70.7% after 1000 cycles at 1 A g-1 and a high ICE of 76.7%, attributed to reduced specific surface area and fewer defects.

Conclusions:

  • Mesopore engineering is an effective strategy to accelerate K+ diffusion and enhance K+ adsorption/intercalation storage in carbon anodes.
  • The developed meso-C nanowires offer a viable solution for high-performance potassium-ion batteries with improved capacity and efficiency.