COVID-19: A poverty-aware perspective

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Sociology
• Psychology

Background:

• Preliminary evidence suggests Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects populations differently based on social factors, particularly socioeconomic status.
• Understanding these disparities is crucial for targeted public health interventions and social support systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the differential impact of COVID-19 on individuals experiencing poverty in Israel.
• To compare economic status, employment, need for assistance, and mental distress between impoverished and non-impoverished groups.
• To qualitatively explore the lived experiences and coping mechanisms of individuals affected by poverty during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

• A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining closed-ended quantitative questions with open-ended qualitative inquiries.
• 126 individuals living in poverty were compared with 147 individuals not living in poverty.
• Data collection occurred in May 2020 via online surveys and in-person outreach by social workers to address digital literacy barriers.

Main Results:

• Significant disparities were observed, with individuals in poverty experiencing greater economic and employment challenges and increased mental distress.
• People living in poverty reported a higher need for and receipt of support services.
• Qualitative data highlighted the unique and severe challenges at the intersection of poverty and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:

• The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing socioeconomic inequalities in Israel.
• Poverty is a significant factor influencing vulnerability and outcomes during public health crises.
• Targeted support and interventions are essential for mitigating the disproportionate effects of pandemics on vulnerable populations.