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Related Concept Videos

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

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Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
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GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

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Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...
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GTPases and their Regulation02:14

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Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
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The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

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The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...
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Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

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Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
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Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay

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Rho GTPases in kidney physiology and diseases.

Clara Steichen1,2, Claude Hervé1, Thierry Hauet1,2,3

  • 1Inserm UMR-1082 Irtomit, Poitiers, France.

Small Gtpases
|June 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rho GTPases regulate cell structure and are crucial for kidney function. Their dysregulation contributes to kidney diseases like diabetic nephropathy and post-transplant injuries.

Keywords:
Rho GTPasescytoskeletal dynamicsdiabetesnephropathiespodocytes

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Affinity Precipitation of Active Rho-GEFs Using a GST-tagged Mutant Rho Protein GST-RhoAG17A from Epithelial Cell Lysates
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RhoC GTPase Activation Assay
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Related Experiment Videos

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Affinity Precipitation of Active Rho-GEFs Using a GST-tagged Mutant Rho Protein GST-RhoAG17A from Epithelial Cell Lysates
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RhoC GTPase Activation Assay
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Rho family GTPases are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, influencing cell morphology, motility, and proliferation.
  • Specific Rho GTPases (RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42) are vital for kidney cell structure and function, including podocytes, mesangial cells, and tubular epithelial cells.
  • The glomerulus, with its podocyte cytoskeleton, is essential for kidney filtration, requiring dynamic actin regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of Rho GTPases in maintaining kidney barrier function.
  • To explore the involvement of Rho GTPases in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases.
  • To elucidate the specific pathways implicated in conditions like diabetic nephropathy and post-transplant kidney injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Rho GTPase function in kidney physiology and pathology.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving RhoA, Rac1, and their effectors in kidney cells.
  • Examination of the role of actin cytoskeleton dynamics regulated by Rho GTPases in glomerular filtration.

Main Results:

  • Rho GTPases are essential for the structural integrity and function of kidney cells, particularly podocytes.
  • Dysregulated Rho GTPase activity is implicated in hereditary and idiopathic kidney diseases.
  • High glucose activates RhoA/Rho-kinase in diabetic nephropathy, leading to glomerulosclerosis; Rac1 activation is noted in ischemic acute kidney injury.

Conclusions:

  • Rho GTPases are critical for sustained kidney barrier function due to their role in actin cytoskeleton regulation.
  • Aberrant Rho GTPase signaling contributes significantly to the development and progression of kidney diseases.
  • Targeting Rho GTPase pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for kidney disease management.