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Intestinal dysfunction in chronic disease.

Sarah K Kirschner1, Nicolaas E P Deutz, Mariëlle P K J Engelen

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Patients with chronic wasting diseases experience small intestinal impairments that disrupt colonic microbiota. Addressing these issues may improve overall health and well-being.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Chronic wasting diseases are associated with small intestinal impairments.
  • These impairments can negatively affect the colonic microbiota and overall health.
  • Undigested food reaching the colon alters microbial metabolism from beneficial fiber fermentation to potentially harmful protein fermentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on small intestinal impairments in chronic wasting diseases.
  • To explore the impact of these impairments on colonic microbiota.
  • To discuss novel approaches for assessing intestinal function and colonic microbial metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on small intestinal function in chronic diseases.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the link between small intestinal dysfunction and colonic microbial metabolism.
  • Discussion of emerging techniques, such as stable isotope approaches, for measuring colonic microbial metabolite production.

Main Results:

  • Small intestinal impairments include altered barrier function, reduced sugar and protein absorption, and bacterial overgrowth.
  • These dysfunctions lead to increased undigested material in the colon, promoting pathogenic bacteria and protein fermentation.
  • Metabolites from protein fermentation can have detrimental effects on health, contrasting with beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from fiber fermentation.

Conclusions:

  • Small intestinal impairments significantly impact colonic microbial metabolism.
  • Improving intestinal function in patients with chronic wasting diseases is crucial for enhancing overall health.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and address the connection between intestinal function and colonic microbiota.