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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Covalent Organic Frameworks with Low Surface Work Function Enabled Stable Lithium Anode.

Dongdong Chen1, Peng Liu1, Lei Zhong1

  • 1The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A novel covalent organic framework (COF) stabilizes lithium metal anodes by improving ion distribution and mechanical integrity. This breakthrough enhances battery safety and longevity, moving beyond trial-and-error SEI development.

Keywords:
Li metal anodesartificial solid electrolyte interphasecovalent organic frameworkswork function

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Uniform lithium ion deposition is critical for stable, long-life lithium metal batteries.
  • Current solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) preparation relies heavily on trial and error, lacking guiding principles.
  • Developing reliable methods to control SEI formation is essential for advancing battery technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a guideline-based approach for creating a stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium metal anodes.
  • To synthesize a covalent organic framework (COF) in situ on lithium metal anodes to stabilize the Li|electrolyte interface.
  • To utilize macroscopic indicators like Young's modulus and surface work function for evaluating artificial SEI performance.

Main Methods:

  • In situ synthesis of a covalent organic framework (COF) on lithium metal anodes.
  • Characterization of the COF's mechanical properties (Young's modulus) and electrical properties (surface work function).
  • Electrochemical testing of COF-modified lithium metal anodes in ether-based electrolytes and full cells with LiFePO4 cathodes.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized COF (COFTpPa) demonstrated high Young's modulus and low surface work function, acting as effective indicators for SEI evaluation.
  • COFTpPa modified lithium metal anodes exhibited stable cycling for over 1000 (2000) hours at high current densities of 5 (2) mA cm-2.
  • Full cells using these anodes showed excellent cycling performance, retaining 96.8% of their capacity after 300 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • In situ synthesized COFs provide a promising, guideline-based strategy for creating stable SEIs on lithium metal anodes.
  • The use of Young's modulus and surface work function as predictive indicators simplifies SEI evaluation before battery assembly.
  • This approach significantly enhances the cycling stability and safety of lithium metal batteries.