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Updated: Nov 1, 2025

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Simultaneous mitigation of disinfection by-product formation and odor compounds by peroxide/Fe(II)-based process:
Xiaoyu Liu1, Shunke Ding1, Pin Wang1
1State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Abstract:
To remove disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors and mitigate odor compounds, peroxide (peroxymonosulfate and persulfate)/Fe(II)-based process was applied as a combination of coagulation and oxidation. Compared with traditional Fe-based salt coagulation (FeSO4 and FeCl3), peroxide/Fe(II)-based process was more efficient in dissolved organic carbon, UV254 and turbidity removal, and peroxymonosulfate showed better performance than persulfate. The better coagulation performance arose from a combination of enhanced neutralization and different characteristics of flocs. Even though the combined process would increase the bromine substitution factor of DBPs, DBP formation and DBP-associated toxicity after peroxide/Fe(II)-based process were 9.2-38.8% and 5.2-27.2% lower than that after conventional Fe(III) coagulation. Both enhanced dissolved organic matter removal and oxidation of DBP precursors played vital roles in DBP control. Conventional Fe-based salt coagulation could hardly remove odor compounds (less than 10%, generally), whereas 28.2-84.9% of odor compounds were degraded during peroxide/Fe(II)-based process, due to free radical formation. This study demonstrated that PMS/Fe(II)-based process might be a promising treatment process for simultaneous DBP control and odor removal in source water.
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