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Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Operation in Rats
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[Fatal nutrient deficiencies after gastric bypass].

W Mauhin1, H Bouzidi2, A Colson3

  • 1Service de médecine interne, groupe hospitalier Diaconesses Croix-Saint-Simon, site Avron, 75020 Paris, France.

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|June 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Bariatric surgery patients may develop severe micronutrient deficiencies, like selenium and niacin, leading to critical health issues including heart failure and neurological problems. Prompt assessment of deficiencies is crucial for early intervention and improved outcomes.

Keywords:
Bariatric surgeryBypassBypass gastrectomyChirurgie bariatriqueKeshan syndromeSeleniumSyndrome de KeshanSéléniumZinc

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Bariatric surgery is a highly effective obesity treatment.
  • Post-gastric bypass surgery, patients are at high risk for micronutrient deficiencies.
  • These deficiencies can lead to severe, life-threatening complications.

Observation:

  • A 55-year-old woman presented with psychomotor retardation, edema, and rash.
  • She rapidly developed pancytopenia, encephalopathy, and heart failure, progressing to multiorgan dysfunction.
  • Retrospective analysis revealed severe selenium and niacin deficiencies.

Findings:

  • The patient's condition was attributed to severe selenium deficiency causing cardiomyopathy and niacin deficiency leading to pellagrous encephalopathy.
  • The deficiencies resulted in neurological, dermatological, and cardiac manifestations.
  • The case highlights the potential for rapid deterioration due to untreated micronutrient deficiencies.

Implications:

  • Micronutrient levels should be routinely assessed in patients with a history of bariatric surgery presenting with new symptoms.
  • Selenium deficiency must be considered in patients with heart failure post-bariatric surgery.
  • Early diagnosis and supplementation are vital to prevent severe complications and mortality.