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Lipoprotein (a): Recent Updates on a Unique Lipoprotein.

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Current Atherosclerosis Reports
|June 19, 2021
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Summary

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a key factor in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and aortic valve calcification. Elevated Lp(a) affects over 1.4 billion people, necessitating diagnosis and management strategies.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Lipidology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] shares structural similarities with low-density lipoprotein.
  • Lp(a) contains apolipoprotein B-100 and a unique glycoprotein, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)].
  • The presence of apo(a) confers distinctive properties to Lp(a).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of Lp(a).
  • To discuss the role of Lp(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and aortic valve calcification.
  • To outline current and emerging therapies for elevated Lp(a) levels.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genetic, epidemiological, and translational data.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological and clinical manifestations of Lp(a).
  • Summary of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for Lp(a)-mediated risk.

Main Results:

  • Genetic and epidemiological data strongly suggest Lp(a) is causally linked to cardiovascular diseases.
  • Elevated Lp(a) is a prevalent monogenetic lipid disorder, affecting over 1.4 billion individuals globally.
  • Understanding of Lp(a) structure, biochemistry, and cardiovascular pathophysiology is still evolving.

Conclusions:

  • Lipoprotein (a) is a significant, genetically determined risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Effective diagnosis and management of elevated Lp(a) are crucial due to its high prevalence.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate Lp(a) pathophysiology and develop definitive treatments.