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Clinical Presentation and Evaluation of Pelvic Venous Disorders in Women
Neil M Khilnani1, Ronald S Winokur2, Kim L Scherer1
1Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, Division of Interventional Radiology, New York, NY.
Abstract:
The term pelvic venous disorders (PeVD) describes a group of related clinical entities with overlapping clinical presentations that were previously characterized by separate imprecise syndromic terminology. The clinical manifestations of PeVD may variously include chronic pelvic pain; pelvic origin extrapelvic lower extremity and genital varices; lower extremity pain and swelling; and left flank pain and hematuria. This manuscript focuses on the primary manifestations of PeVD in women - chronic pelvic pain and pelvic origin lower extremity and vulvar varices - and will review the underlying pathophysiology and related complicating factors (such as maladaptive pain responses) to explain the variety of clinical presentations.
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