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Blind Procedures

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...

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Mediumship accuracy: A quantitative and qualitative study with a triple-blind protocol.

Patrizio Tressoldi¹, Laura Liberale², Fernando Sinesio³

¹GRIM: Gruppo di Ricerca Italiano sulla Medianità, Italy; Studium Patavinum, Science of Consciousness Research Group, Università di Padova, Italy.

Explore (New York, N.Y.)

|June 20, 2021

Summary

This study found that mediums can provide accurate information about deceased individuals, even with limited data. Qualitative analysis suggests mediums may passively or actively receive information, potentially from the deceased themselves.

Keywords:

Mediumship Qualitative results Quantitative results Survival hypothesis Triple-blind protocol

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Area of Science:

Parapsychology
Cognitive Science

Background:

The ability of mediums to access information about deceased individuals is a topic of ongoing scientific inquiry.
Previous research has yielded mixed results, necessitating rigorous methodologies to assess claims of mediumship.

Purpose of the Study:

To scientifically evaluate the accuracy of information provided by mediums about deceased individuals.
To investigate the potential sources of information utilized by mediums through quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Main Methods:

A triple-blind protocol was employed, involving nine mediums providing readings for 38 deceased individuals.
Mediums received only the deceased's name, with no direct interaction with the sitters.
Sitters rated the accuracy of the provided information using a four-point Likert scale.

Main Results:

Mediums correctly identified readings with 65.8% accuracy, significantly exceeding the 50% chance baseline.
Readings intended for specific deceased individuals contained 29.5% more accurate information compared to control readings.
Qualitative data suggested mediums access information both passively and actively.

Conclusions:

The study provides evidence that some mediums can obtain accurate information about deceased individuals using only their name and no sitter interaction.
Findings support the hypothesis that the deceased themselves may be a source of information in some mediumistic communications.