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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

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Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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Developing Novel Tests to Screen for Fetal Growth Restriction.

Gordon C S Smith1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
|June 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Identifying novel biomarkers for fetal growth restriction (FGR) is crucial for maternal and infant health. Animal studies and omics approaches in human samples show promise for stratifying FGR risk.

Keywords:
fetal growth restrictiongenomicsmetabolomicsplacentaproteomicssmall for gestational age

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and genetics
  • Maternal-fetal medicine
  • Biomarker discovery

Background:

  • Fetal growth restriction (FGR) significantly contributes to global morbidity and mortality.
  • Current methods for stratifying FGR risk in pregnant individuals are insufficient.
  • There is a critical need for novel clinical biomarkers to predict and manage FGR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of animal models and omics technologies for identifying novel biomarkers of FGR.
  • To address the unmet need for improved risk stratification in pregnant populations affected by FGR.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on FGR biomarker identification.
  • Analysis of studies utilizing genetically modified mice to understand fetal growth control.
  • Examination of omics approaches (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics) applied to placental and maternal blood samples.
  • Consideration of challenges in biomarker discovery, including sample handling and the absence of a gold standard for FGR.

Main Results:

  • Genetically modified mouse studies have yielded biomarkers validated in human populations.
  • Omics analyses of placenta and maternal blood show promise for FGR biomarker discovery.
  • Despite promising results, significant logistical, experimental, and analytical challenges persist.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic screening of genes controlling fetal growth in animal models can identify potential clinical biomarkers for FGR.
  • Omics technologies applied to human samples offer a promising avenue for FGR biomarker discovery.
  • Overcoming current challenges is essential for advancing FGR risk stratification and improving patient outcomes.