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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Large-Scale SARS-CoV-2 Testing Utilizing Saliva and Transposition Sample Pooling
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Problems associated with mass border testing of COVID-19.

Mathias Grunér1, Marika Nordberg2, Knut Lönnroth3,4

  • 1Medimar Medical Clinic, Finland.

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
|June 21, 2021
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Summary

Exit screening for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) for travelers entering Sweden detected no new infections. This suggests border screening may be costly and inefficient depending on the origin of travelers.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-Cov-2border restrictionspredictive valuesscreening

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Travel Medicine

Background:

  • International travel poses risks for infectious disease transmission.
  • Border screening is a public health measure to prevent disease introduction.
  • Sweden implemented entry screening for SARS-CoV-2.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of exit screening for SARS-CoV-2.
  • To determine the yield of COVID-19 detection among travelers entering Sweden.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 472 travelers for SARS-CoV-2.
  • Analysis of test results in relation to entry requirements.

Main Results:

  • No new infectious cases of COVID-19 were detected among 472 screened individuals.
  • Two previously known COVID-19 cases were re-detected after completing isolation.
  • Low positive predictive values and high costs per detected case were observed.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 exit screening at borders may have limited utility.
  • The effectiveness of screening depends on the epidemiological situation at the departure location.
  • High costs and low detection rates question the efficiency of such measures.