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Does Respect Foster Tolerance? (Re)analyzing and Synthesizing Data From a Large Research Project Using Meta-Analytic
Steffen Zitzmann1, Lukas Loreth2, Klaus Michael Reininger3
1University of Tübingen, Germany.
Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|June 21, 2021
Summary
Respect for disapproved groups predicts and fosters tolerance, even when disapproval remains. This outgroup respect-tolerance hypothesis was confirmed, with respect positively correlating with tolerance across various social contexts.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Intergroup Relations
Background:
- Prior research suggests respect for disapproved others predicts and may foster tolerance.
- The outgroup respect-tolerance hypothesis posits that respect can enable tolerance without requiring the abandonment of disapproval.
- Existing studies showed variation, necessitating a comprehensive re-analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To integrate existing data and robustly test the outgroup respect-tolerance hypothesis.
- To quantify the relationship between respect and tolerance using meta-analytic techniques.
- To examine how contextual variables influence the respect-tolerance link.
Main Methods:
- Re-analysis of all existing data from a larger research project.
- Application of meta-analytic techniques to synthesize results.
- Statistical analysis of the relationship between respect and tolerance.
Main Results:
- A significant positive relationship was found between respect and tolerance (standardized regression coefficient = 0.25).
- The strength of this relationship varied based on group characteristics: larger for majorities vs. minorities, smaller for high-status vs. low-status groups, and larger for religious vs. lifestyle groups.
- These findings provide robust support for the outgroup respect-tolerance hypothesis.
Conclusions:
- Respect is a significant predictor and potential fosterer of tolerance towards disapproved outgroups.
- Contextual factors, such as group status and type, moderate the impact of respect on tolerance.
- The results encourage further theoretical development in social psychology concerning tolerance.
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