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Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000...
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Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets - Evidence and Implications.

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Platelets release microRNAs via microvesicles, regulating recipient cell function and enabling drug delivery. This horizontal transfer impacts various cells and tissues, offering therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Platelets are crucial for hemostasis and cell communication.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) within platelets and microvesicles (MVs) mediate intercellular regulation.
  • Platelet MVs protect miRNAs from degradation, enabling intercellular transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of horizontal miRNA transfer by platelets and MVs.
  • To explore the physiological and pathological consequences of this transfer.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of platelet-derived miRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on platelet miRNA transfer.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of miRNA internalization by recipient cells.
  • Examination of miRNA impact on cellular function and disease progression.

Main Results:

  • Platelet miRNAs are transferred to macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells.
  • Internalized miRNAs post-transcriptionally reprogram recipient cell function.
  • Platelet MVs facilitate miRNA delivery to tissues like solid tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Horizontal miRNA transfer by platelets is a significant intercellular regulatory mechanism.
  • Platelet MVs offer a pathway for targeted delivery of miRNAs and therapeutics.
  • Further understanding of these mechanisms can lead to novel therapeutic strategies.