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Anti-hypoxia effects of walnut oligopeptides (Juglans regia L.) in mice
Di Li1, Jinwei Ren2, Tianxing Wang2
1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People's Hospital Beijing 100044, PR China.
Objective:
To investigate the anti-hypoxia effects of walnut oligopeptides (WOPs) in mice.
Methods:
Randomly divide the mice into 4 experimental sets. Then randomly divide each set of mice into 5 groups, including one vehicle control group, one whey protein group (220 mg/kg), and three WOPs intervention groups (110 mg/kg, 220 mg/kg, 440 mg/kg). Test substances were administered orally to mice via the drinking water for 30 days.
Results:
WOPs significantly extended the normobaric hypoxia survival time, sodium nitrite toxicosis survival time, and acute cerebral ischemia survival time. Notably, WOPs increased red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels, decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) content and lactate content in brain, enhanced brain lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and promoted the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1α) mRNA and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA.
Conclusion:
WOPs have anti-hypoxia effects, and the mechanism may involve the following aspects: the first is to improve the blood's oxygen carrying capacity and oxygen utilization rate, the second is to minimize the lesion of lipid peroxidation, the third is to increase the brain's ability to buffer against lactic acidosis of mice, and the fourth is to promote angiogenesis and regulate hypoxia response.
Insights
Walnut oligopeptides (WOPs) demonstrate significant anti-hypoxia effects in mice by improving oxygen transport and utilization, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing the brain's resilience to acidosis and promoting angiogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Biochemistry
- Physiology
Background:
- Hypoxia poses a significant threat to physiological function.
- Investigating natural compounds for anti-hypoxia properties is crucial for therapeutic development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the anti-hypoxia efficacy of walnut oligopeptides (WOPs).
Main Methods:
- Mice were divided into groups receiving vehicle, whey protein, or varying doses of WOPs (110, 220, 440 mg/kg) orally for 30 days.
- Survival times under normobaric hypoxia, sodium nitrite toxicosis, and acute cerebral ischemia were assessed.
Main Results:
- WOPs significantly increased survival times in various hypoxia models.
- Key improvements observed include elevated red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels.
- WOPs reduced brain malonaldehyde and lactate, enhanced lactate dehydrogenase activity, and upregulated HIF1α and VEGF mRNA expression.
Conclusions:
- WOPs exhibit potent anti-hypoxia effects.
- Mechanisms include enhanced oxygen carrying capacity and utilization, reduced lipid peroxidation, improved lactic acidosis buffering, and promotion of angiogenesis and hypoxia response regulation.
