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Catatonia in a 6-year-old Patient Following Disseminated Group A Streptococcus Infection

Philip B Cawkwell1, Ivan Daniel Mayor1, Richard J Shaw1

  • 1Drs. Cawkwell and Shaw and Mr. Mayor are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, at the Stanford University School of Medicine in Palo Alto, California.

Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience
|June 21, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric catatonia, often missed, can be diagnosed in children with Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection using specific scales and medication challenges. Further research is needed to understand its long-term effects.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Pediatric catatonia is an underreported and often misdiagnosed condition in hospitalized children.
  • Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection is a known trigger for pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS).

Observation:

  • A 6-year-old female presented with symptoms initially presumed to be delirium due to disseminated GAS infection.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed through careful clinical examination, the Pediatric Catatonia Rating Scale, and a lorazepam challenge.

Findings:

  • This case highlights a potential link between Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection and the development of catatonia in pediatric patients.
  • The study reviews limited literature to propose a mechanism for GAS-induced catatonia.

Implications:

  • Early recognition and diagnosis of pediatric catatonia are crucial for appropriate management.
  • Further systematic studies are essential to elucidate the pathogenesis and long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes of pediatric catatonia.

Keywords:
CatatoniaGroup A streptococcusneuropsychiatrypediatric catatonia

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