Microneedle-based devices for point-of-care infectious disease diagnostics
Rachael V Dixon1,2, Eldhose Skaria3, Wing Man Lau1,2
1School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B
|June 21, 2021
Summary
Point-of-care microneedle diagnostic devices offer a minimally invasive solution for rapid infectious disease diagnosis. These devices enable near real-time detection of biomarkers from skin, improving accessibility and reducing disease transmission risks.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Infectious Disease Diagnostics
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Recent outbreaks like COVID-19 and Ebola underscore the need for rapid, accurate diagnostics.
- Current diagnostic methods are often invasive, require specialized equipment, and are limited by accessibility.
- Centralized testing increases disease transmission risk due to travel requirements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the utility and future potential of microneedle diagnostic devices for infectious diseases.
- To highlight microneedle technology as a solution for point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics.
- To discuss the advantages of minimally invasive sampling for timely diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing microneedle technologies applicable to infectious disease diagnostics.
- Discussion of microneedle applications in biofluid extraction, biosensing, and analyte capture.
- Exploration of sampling from both blood and dermal interstitial fluid.
Main Results:
- Microneedle devices can detect biomarkers in/from the skin in a minimally invasive way.
- These devices facilitate near real-time, point-of-care diagnosis.
- Technologies are adaptable from other fields for infectious disease applications.
Conclusions:
- Self-administrable microneedle diagnostic devices present a viable solution to current diagnostic bottlenecks.
- Further development of microneedle technology holds significant promise for infectious disease diagnostics.
- These devices can improve diagnostic accessibility and reduce disease transmission.
Keywords:
AC, alternating currentAPCs, antigen-presenting cellsASSURED, affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free and deliverable to end-usersBiomarker detectionBiosensorCMOS, complementary metal-oxide semiconductorCOVID, coronavirus diseaseCOVID-19CSF, cerebrospinal fluidCT, computerised tomographyCV, cyclic voltammetryDC, direct currentDNA, deoxyribonucleic acidDPV, differential pulse voltammetryEBV, Epstein–Barr virusEDC/NHS, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoproply) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimideELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayGOx, glucose oxidaseHIV, human immunodeficiency virusHPLC, high performance liquid chromatographyHRP, horseradish peroxidaseIP, iontophoresisISF, interstitial fluidIgG, immunoglobulin GInfectious diseaseJEV, Japanese encephalitis virusMN, microneedleMicroneedleNA, nucleic acidOBMT, one-touch-activated blood multidiagnostic toolOPD, o-phenylenediaminePCB, printed circuit boardPCR, polymerase chain reactionPDMS, polydimethylsiloxanePEDOT, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)PNA, peptide nucleic acidPP, polyphenolPPD, poly(o-phenylenediamine)PoC, point-of-carePoint-of-care diagnostics (PoC)SALT, skin-associated lymphoid tissueSAM, self-assembled monolayerSEM, scanning electron microscopeSERS, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopySWV, square wave voltammetrySkinTB, tuberculosisUV, ultravioletVEGF, vascular endothelial growth factorWHO, World Health OrganisationcfDNA, cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid
