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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation
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Conditional Cell Reprogramming in Modeling Digestive System Diseases.

Ruihua Zhao1, Rui Li1,2, Tianqi An1

  • 1Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|June 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conditional reprogramming (CR) cell culture offers a novel preclinical model for digestive diseases, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. This technology rapidly generates patient-derived cells, aiding research into disease pathogenesis and treatment.

Keywords:
CR technologycell culture technologycell modelconditional cell reprogrammingdigestive system diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology
  • Preclinical Research

Background:

  • Digestive diseases pose significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating advanced research models.
  • Traditional cell lines and animal models have limitations in studying complex digestive system diseases.
  • Developing reliable preclinical models is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of conditional reprogramming (CR) cell culture technology in digestive system disease research.
  • To highlight CR technology as a promising preclinical model for digestive diseases.
  • To discuss the potential of CR cells in drug sensitivity testing, gene profiling, and regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Conditional reprogramming (CR) utilizes irradiated mouse fibroblasts and a ROCK inhibitor to generate primary cells.
  • CR cells (CRCs) maintain high proliferation and recapitulate original tissue's histological and genomic features.
  • Phenotypic reversibility is achieved by removing reprogramming conditions.

Main Results:

  • CR technology enables rapid generation of numerous cells from diseased and normal tissues.
  • CRCs accurately reflect the characteristics of the source tissue, facilitating disease modeling.
  • The technology is recognized by NIH and NCI for its potential in precision oncology and cancer model initiatives.

Conclusions:

  • CR cell culture represents an ideal model for studying digestive diseases, offering advantages over traditional methods.
  • This technology supports diverse applications including drug sensitivity testing, gene analysis, xenograft research, and regenerative medicine.
  • CR technology is a key innovation in preclinical research for gastroenterology and oncology.