Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

29.1K
Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
29.1K
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

43.5K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
43.5K
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

62.5K
Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
62.5K
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

8.9K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
8.9K
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

6.0K
The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
6.0K
Determination01:51

Determination

19.9K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
19.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Advancing mechanobiology from single molecules to complex cellular systems.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same author

MorphoGrad: A MATLAB toolbox for simulating steady-state morphogen gradients under cell-to-cell variability.

STAR protocols·2026
Same author

A homozygous TRIP13 pathogenic variant associated with familiar oocyte arrest and prematurely condensed sperm chromosomes.

Molecular cytogenetics·2025
Same author

Coordination of nephrogenesis with branching of the urinary collecting system, the vasculature and the nervous system.

Current topics in developmental biology·2025
Same author

The first two blastomeres contribute unequally to the human embryo.

Cell·2024
Same author

Publisher Correction: SimuCell3D: three-dimensional simulation of tissue mechanics with cell polarization.

Nature computational science·2024
Same journal

Epigenetic plasticity and chemoresistance in cancer: mechanisms, biomarkers, and translational opportunities for real-world evidence.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Matched embryo-endometrium RNA-seq reveals coordinated but asymmetric transcriptomic reprogramming at the onset of early equine pregnancy.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Myelin development in the peripheral nervous system of <i>Trachemys scripta</i>.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026
Same journal

A deep learning-based classification method for subclinical zonular laxity in AS-OCT images.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Advancing fat graft survival: from adipose-derived stem cell mechanisms to next-generation regenerative strategies.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026
Same journal

CRISPR-based next-generation molecular diagnostics for bone infection.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
12:59

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Published on: February 28, 2021

3.9K

Organ-Specific Branching Morphogenesis.

Christine Lang1,2, Lisa Conrad1,2, Dagmar Iber1,2

  • 1Department of Biosystems, Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|June 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Branching morphogenesis shapes organs like lungs and kidneys. This review explores how signaling pathways, mesenchyme, and the extracellular matrix influence branching patterns, offering insights into organ development and disorders.

Keywords:
branch anglebranch distancebranch shapebranching morphogenesiskidneylungtissue mechanicsturing pattern

More Related Videos

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
08:49

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Published on: July 10, 2016

7.7K
Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy
09:16

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy

Published on: January 30, 2014

11.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
12:59

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Published on: February 28, 2021

3.9K
Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
08:49

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Published on: July 10, 2016

7.7K
Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy
09:16

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy

Published on: January 30, 2014

11.3K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Organogenesis

Background:

  • Branching morphogenesis is a fundamental process for forming epithelial structures in organs such as lungs and kidneys.
  • The mechanisms by which this conserved process generates diverse organ architectures with distinct shapes and functions are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare branching morphogenesis and its regulation in lungs and kidneys.
  • To discuss the roles of signaling pathways, mesenchyme, extracellular matrix, and cytoskeleton in determining organ-specific branch characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative review of existing literature on lung and kidney development.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating epithelial branching.

Main Results:

  • Signaling pathways, mesenchyme, extracellular matrix, and cytoskeleton act as organ-specific determinants of branch position, orientation, and shape.
  • These factors contribute to the adaptation of a conserved developmental process to varied organ structures.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the determinants of branch and organ shape is crucial for deciphering how a common developmental process yields diverse organ forms.
  • Insights gained can illuminate epithelial morphogenesis and provide understanding of developmental disorders.