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B Cell Activation and Differentiation

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Induction and Assessment of Class Switch Recombination in Purified Murine B Cells

Induction and Assessment of Class Switch Recombination in Purified Murine B Cells

Published on: August 13, 2010

Small Molecule Inhibitors of Activation-Induced Deaminase Decrease Class Switch Recombination in B Cells.

Juan Alvarez-Gonzalez¹, Adam Yasgar², Robert W Maul¹

¹Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.

ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science

|June 21, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers screened over 90,000 compounds to find inhibitors of activation-induced deaminase (AID). Three promising compounds were identified that can mitigate AID activity, offering potential control over base editing technologies.

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Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes

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Last Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Induction and Assessment of Class Switch Recombination in Purified Murine B Cells

Induction and Assessment of Class Switch Recombination in Purified Murine B Cells

Published on: August 13, 2010

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

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Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes

Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes

Published on: November 1, 2011

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is crucial for antibody diversity but also implicated in B cell lymphomas.
Understanding and controlling AID activity is essential for both basic research and therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify small molecules that can inhibit the enzymatic activity of AID.
To explore potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating AID-driven mutagenesis and lymphomagenesis.

Main Methods:

Conducted a high-throughput screening of over 90,000 compounds.
Assessed AID enzymatic activity using biochemical assays for cytosine deamination.
Evaluated AID function in cellular assays measuring class switch recombination in B cells.

Main Results:

Identified three compounds that inhibit AID activity in both transformed B cell lines and primary murine splenic B cells.
Observed that these inhibitors share similar chemical structures, suggesting a common mechanism of action.
Demonstrated that the identified inhibitors specifically block AID without affecting the related cytosine DNA deaminase, APOBEC3B.
Determined that AID expression is sustained for several days post-B cell activation.

Conclusions:

This study reports the first small molecules capable of inhibiting AID.
These inhibitors offer a potential tool for gaining regulatory control over AID activity and base editing.
The findings pave the way for developing novel strategies to manage AID-related diseases and advance gene editing technologies.