Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of coronavirus disease: a review

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Epidemiology
• Pathogenesis

Background:

• Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in late 2019, rapidly escalating into a global pandemic with millions of cases and deaths worldwide.
• The World Health Organization reported over 172 million cases and 3.7 million deaths by June 2021.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of COVID-19, including its epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, transmission, and clinical aspects.
• To explore various treatment modalities, including antiviral agents, supportive therapies, nanotechnology-based approaches, and the potential of herbal and marine drugs.
• To discuss advancements in research, prevention strategies utilizing artificial intelligence, and the status of vaccine development globally.

Main Methods:

• Literature review encompassing epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, genomic variations, transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
• Exploration of emerging therapeutic avenues such as nanotechnology, herbal/marine antivirals, and AI-driven prevention.
• Assessment of vaccine development progress and public health recommendations for immunity building.

Main Results:

• The review synthesizes current knowledge on COVID-19's multifaceted aspects, from viral characteristics to global impact.
• It highlights diverse treatment options and innovative approaches like nanotechnology and AI for disease control.
• The importance of immunity enhancement through lifestyle and the environmental benefits observed during the pandemic are noted.

Conclusions:

• Continued research and development of effective drugs and vaccines are crucial for combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Strengthening individual immunity through healthy lifestyle choices is vital for human survival.
• The pandemic underscores the interconnectedness of public health, scientific innovation, and environmental well-being.