Clinical and neuroimaging findings in MOGAD-MRI and OCT

Area of Science:

• Neuroimmunology
• Neuroinflammation
• Autoimmune disorders

Background:

• Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD) are rare autoimmune neuroinflammatory conditions.
• MOGAD is increasingly recognized as distinct from aquaporin-4 antibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review key clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of pediatric and adult MOGAD.
• To discuss the utility of in-vivo imaging techniques in studying MOGAD.
• To highlight recent insights from image analysis in MOGAD.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical data and neuroimaging findings in MOGAD patients.
• In-vivo imaging techniques including MRI of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves.
• Retinal imaging using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Main Results:

• MOGAD exhibits distinguishing neuroimaging features compared to NMOSD and MS.
• MRI and OCT provide valuable insights into MOGAD pathophysiology.
• Image analysis methods are crucial for understanding MOGAD and guiding future research.

Conclusions:

• MOGAD represents a unique autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorder.
• Neuroimaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and characterization of MOGAD.
• Further research utilizing advanced imaging analysis is warranted for MOGAD.