Membrane-Confined Iron Oxychloride Nanocatalysts for Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Fenton Water Treatment

Heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) allow for the destruction of aqueous organic pollutants via oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (^•OH). However, practical treatment scenarios suffer from the low availability of short-lived ^•OH in aqueous bulk, due to both mass transfer limitations and quenching by water constituents, such as natural organic matter (NOM). Herein, we overcome these challenges by loading iron oxychloride catalysts within the pores of a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane, resulting in an internal heterogeneous Fenton reaction that can degrade organics in complex water matrices with pH up to 6.2. With ^•OH confined inside the nanopores (∼ 20 nm), this membrane reactor completely removed various organic pollutants with water fluxes of up to 100 L m^-2 h^-1 (equivalent to a retention time of 10 s). This membrane, with a pore size that excludes NOM (>300 kDa), selectively exposed smaller organics to ^•OH within the pores under confinement and showed excellent resiliency to representative water matrices (simulated surface water and sand filtration effluent samples). Moreover, the membrane exhibited sustained AOPs (>24 h) and could be regenerated for multiple cycles. Our results suggest the feasibility of exploiting ultrafiltration membrane-based AOP platforms for organic pollutant degradation in complex water scenarios.