Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Publisher Correction: Key underwater habitat types of the northern Baltic Sea: An assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem functions.

Ambio·2026

Same author

Key underwater habitat types of the northern Baltic Sea: An assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem functions.

Ambio·2026

Same author

Bayesian hierarchical modeling of oil toxicity in fish early life stages: Supporting oil-spill risk assessments in data-scarce situations.

Marine pollution bulletin·2026

Same author

Involving people with lived experiences in the study of a behavioral stress-recovery e-intervention for myocardial infarction patients younger than 55 with cardiac distress: a study protocol.

Research involvement and engagement·2025

Same author

Compilation and standardization of oil toxicity data on early life stages of fish to support population-level oil spill impact modeling.

Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2025

Same author

Complementarity and sensitivity of benthic state indicators to bottom-trawl fishing disturbance.

Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

Causal Approach to Determining the Environmental Risks of Seabed Mining.

Laura Kaikkonen^1,2, Inari Helle^2,3,4, Kirsi Kostamo⁵

¹Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.

Environmental Science & Technology

|June 21, 2021

Summary

Seabed mining poses environmental risks, but a new causal network model quantifies these impacts. This approach aids in risk assessment and permitting for sustainable marine resource use.

Keywords:

Bayesian networks causal maps ecological risk assessment expert elicitation multiple pressures probabilistic modeling seabed mining

More Related Videos

Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation

Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation

Published on: October 31, 2019

A Flow-through Exposure System for Evaluating Suspended Sediments Effects on Aquatic Life

A Flow-through Exposure System for Evaluating Suspended Sediments Effects on Aquatic Life

Published on: January 9, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation

Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation

Published on: October 31, 2019

A Flow-through Exposure System for Evaluating Suspended Sediments Effects on Aquatic Life

A Flow-through Exposure System for Evaluating Suspended Sediments Effects on Aquatic Life

Published on: January 9, 2017

Area of Science:

Marine geology and environmental science
Risk assessment and ecological modeling

Background:

Seabed mineral extraction is gaining interest, but environmental risks and uncertainties remain high.
Lack of observational data hinders thorough environmental risk evaluation for new maritime activities.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine environmental risks associated with seabed mining using a causal, probabilistic network approach.
To inform quantitative risk assessments by outlining cause-effect pathways of seabed mining activities.

Main Methods:

Iterative model building with experts to identify causal connections between mining activities and ecosystem impacts.
Quantitative probabilistic modeling to estimate environmental consequences, demonstrated in the Baltic Sea.

Main Results:

The model provides quantitative estimates of benthic fauna mortality under various mining scenarios.
Highlights uncertainties in predicting mining impacts and outlines requirements for data-poor risk assessments.

Conclusions:

A predictive, quantitative risk assessment approach is crucial for permitting seabed mining.
The developed model supports permitting by detailing potential environmental impacts and allows for iterative updates with new data.