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Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
Published on: February 24, 2023
Breast cancer immunotherapy: Current and novel approaches
Khadijeh Barzaman1, Shima Moradi-Kalbolandi2, Aysooda Hosseinzadeh2
1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
The crucial role of the immune system in the progression/regression of breast cancer (BC) should always be taken into account. Various immunotherapy approaches have been investigated for BC, including tumor-targeting antibodies (bispecific antibodies), adoptive T cell therapy, vaccines, and immune checkpoint blockade such as anti-PD-1. In addition, a combination of conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy approaches contributes to improving patients' overall survival rates. Although encouraging outcomes have been reported in most clinical trials of immunotherapy, some obstacles should still be resolved in this regard. Recently, personalized immunotherapy has been proposed as a potential complementary medicine with immunotherapy and chemotherapy for overcoming BC. Accordingly, this review discusses the brief association of these methods and future directions in BC immunotherapy.
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