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Development of terahertz two-dimensional phase gratings for multiple beam generation based on a high-accuracy phase

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    Researchers developed advanced phase gratings for terahertz heterodyne receivers. These gratings achieve 81.9% efficiency, significantly improving multi-beam generation for advanced terahertz imaging applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Terahertz technology
    • Optics and photonics
    • Diffractive optics

    Background:

    • High-efficiency and accuracy phase gratings are essential for terahertz heterodyne array receivers.
    • Existing gratings face limitations in generating complex, multi-beam diffraction patterns accurately.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and realize a reflective metallic phase grating with arbitrary 2D diffraction distributions for terahertz frequencies.
    • To improve the efficiency and accuracy of multi-beam generation in terahertz receivers.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a novel design approach for arbitrary 2D diffraction distributions.
    • Realization of a reflective metallic phase grating operating at 0.85 THz.
    • Utilizing an adaptation of the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, the Mixed-Region-Amplitude-Freedom (MRAF) algorithm, for designing complex 2D phase gratings.
    • Rigorous full-wave simulations to validate design efficiency and accuracy.

    Main Results:

    • A reflective metallic phase grating was fabricated, generating a 2x2 diffraction beam pattern at 0.85 THz.
    • The measured total power efficiency reached 81.9%, an improvement of at least 17% over standard pseudo-2D Fourier phase gratings.
    • Designs for up to 10x10 diffraction beam 2D phase gratings at terahertz wavelengths were successfully demonstrated.
    • The MRAF algorithm overcame the intensity inaccuracies of the standard Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed phase gratings offer high efficiency and accuracy for terahertz applications.
    • The novel design approach and MRAF algorithm enable precise control over multi-beam generation.
    • These advancements pave the way for developing large-pixel terahertz multi-beam heterodyne receivers.