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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

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Maternal morbidity and mortality associated with epilepsy.

Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman1, Yongmei Huang1, Brian T Bateman2,3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|June 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Women with epilepsy on antiepileptic drugs showed no increased risk of maternal death. However, they experienced a modest increase in risks for severe maternal morbidity and other adverse outcomes during delivery hospitalizations.

Keywords:
Epilepsy during pregnancymaternal morbiditymaternal mortalitymaternal seizure disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous studies indicated a significantly elevated risk of maternal mortality for women with epilepsy.
  • Understanding the specific risks associated with delivery hospitalizations for women with epilepsy is crucial for improving maternal care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk of adverse maternal outcomes during delivery hospitalizations among women diagnosed with epilepsy.
  • To compare outcomes between women with epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs and those without epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Truven Health MarketScan databases for a comparative analysis.
  • Included outcomes such as maternal death, severe maternal morbidity, cesarean delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, placental abruption, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, and stillbirth.
  • Employed adjusted models with risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), controlling for hospital and demographic factors.

Main Results:

  • Women with epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs (n=6019) did not have an increased risk of mortality (p=0.27).
  • This group showed a doubled risk for severe maternal morbidity (aRR 2.16, 95% CI 1.86-2.51).
  • Slightly increased risks were observed for placental abruption (aRR 1.29), cesarean delivery (aRR 1.14), and preterm delivery (aRR 1.25) compared to women without epilepsy.

Conclusions:

  • Epilepsy in pregnant women on antiepileptic drugs was not associated with a significant difference in mortality risk.
  • The study found a modest increase in the risk of other adverse maternal outcomes for women with epilepsy on antiepileptic medications.