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Negative content in auditory verbal hallucinations: a natural language processing approach.

J N de Boer1,2, H Corona Hernández1, F Gerritse2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

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Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in patients are objectively more negative than in non-clinical individuals. This linguistic negativity in AVH correlates with patient distress and life disruption.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Negative content in auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) is a key indicator of distress and functional impairment.
  • Understanding the emotional valence of AVH is crucial for assessing patient well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To objectively measure the emotional valence of AVH using linguistic sentiment analysis.
  • To compare the negativity of AVH between clinical patients and non-clinical voice-hearers.
  • To investigate the association between objective AVH negativity and experienced distress.

Main Methods:

  • Collected verbatim recordings of AVH from 40 clinical and non-clinical participants.
  • Analyzed AVH for emotional valence using the Dutch sentiment analyzer, Pattern.
  • Compared objective valence and correlated it with subjective distress measures.

Main Results:

  • Patients' AVH exhibited significantly more negative objective valence compared to non-clinical voice-hearers (34.7% vs. 18.4%).
  • Objective linguistic valence strongly correlated with perceived negativity, distress severity, and life disruption.
  • No significant association was found between objective valence and distress intensity.

Conclusions:

  • Objective linguistic analysis confirms that patients' AVH possess more negative content than those of non-clinical individuals.
  • The negative linguistic content of AVH is linked to increased distress in patients.
  • These findings underscore the importance of analyzing AVH content for clinical assessment.