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Interferon-γ: teammate or opponent in the tumour microenvironment?
Angela M Gocher1,2, Creg J Workman1,2, Dario A A Vignali3,4,5
1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Nature Reviews. Immunology
|June 22, 2021
Summary
Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a key cytokine in cancer immunotherapy, influencing both tumor response and resistance. Understanding its complex roles is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Cancer immunotherapy shows promise but faces challenges with patient non-response and resistance.
- Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a cytokine with dual protumor and antitumor activities, potentially linking to immunotherapy response.
- Resistance to cancer therapies is often associated with defects in the IFNγ signaling pathway.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the cells responsible for producing IFNγ.
- To explore the diverse effects of IFNγ within the tumor microenvironment.
- To highlight the multifaceted nature of IFNγ in cancer immunotherapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on IFNγ production and function in cancer.
- Analysis of cellular sources of IFNγ, including T cells and natural killer cells.
- Examination of IFNγ signaling pathways and resistance mechanisms.
Main Results:
- IFNγ production is induced by various cancer therapies.
- Molecular aberrations in the IFNγ pathway are common in therapy-resistant patients.
- IFNγ exerts pleiotropic effects, necessitating cell-specific analysis.
Conclusions:
- IFNγ plays a critical, complex role in cancer immunotherapy response and resistance.
- Understanding IFNγ's cell-specific functions is essential for developing effective treatments.
- Targeting or modulating IFNγ pathways may overcome therapeutic resistance.
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