Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

1.5K
Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
1.5K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

43
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
43
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

48
Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
48
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

46
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
46
Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

2.3K
The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
2.3K
Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

1.3K
The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stage-dependent dynamics of Apolipoprotein C3 across the spectrum of MASLD.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Structural architecture of collagen and collagen-fibronectin networks is associated with the invasive behavior of liver cancer cells.

Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Impact of Handling Perception and Language Barriers on Virologic Response to Daily Subcutaneous Bulevirtide in Hepatitis D.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·2025
Same author

Pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis: insights from the German PBC registry across secondary and tertiary care.

Annals of hepatology·2025
Same author

Diagnostic approach to genetically-determined cholestatic liver diseases in adult patients.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver·2025
Same author

[Primary biliary cholangitis-Update on diagnostics, risk stratification and new treatment options].

Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
12:24

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

5.6K

COVID-19 and the liver - Lessons learned.

Toni Herta1,2, Thomas Berg1

  • 1Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.

Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
|June 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently causes liver injury, particularly in severe cases, with a dual pattern of liver function test abnormalities linked to poor outcomes. Pre-existing liver conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease increase risks, while some immunosuppressed patients fare better.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Evaluating Therapeutic Strategies to Enhance Liver Regeneration
05:25

Author Spotlight: Evaluating Therapeutic Strategies to Enhance Liver Regeneration

Published on: May 24, 2024

2.7K
"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
10:25

"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Published on: February 19, 2019

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 1, 2025

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
12:24

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

5.6K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating Therapeutic Strategies to Enhance Liver Regeneration
05:25

Author Spotlight: Evaluating Therapeutic Strategies to Enhance Liver Regeneration

Published on: May 24, 2024

2.7K
"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
10:25

"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Published on: February 19, 2019

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Liver involvement is common in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, correlating with disease severity.
  • A distinct dual pattern of liver function test abnormalities, involving aminotransferases followed by cholestasis markers, is observed in severe COVID-19.
  • This pattern is associated with heightened inflammatory markers and adverse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, characteristics, and pathological mechanisms of COVID-19-related liver injury.
  • To discuss how pre-existing liver disease influences susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 liver injury.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on COVID-19 and liver injury.
  • Analysis of clinical data and pathological mechanisms.
  • Discussion of patient populations with pre-existing liver conditions.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 can cause liver injury through direct viral effects, ischemia, drug toxicity, immune activation, and exacerbation of underlying liver diseases.
  • Patients with obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis face a higher risk of severe liver injury and mortality from COVID-19.
  • Individuals on stable immunosuppression for autoimmune liver diseases or post-transplant generally have favorable outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19-related liver injury is multifactorial, with distinct patterns observed in severe disease.
  • Pre-existing liver conditions significantly impact COVID-19 outcomes, with fatty liver disease and cirrhosis posing the greatest risks.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing liver complications in COVID-19 patients.