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Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Published on: November 23, 2019

[Radiographic analysis of limb malalignment in the frontal plane].

Kerstin Radtke¹, Barbara Gómez Dammeier², Sebastian Braun³

¹Department Kinder- und Neuroorthopädie, Orthopädische Klinik der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover (MHH) im DIAKOVERE Annastift, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland. kerstin.radtke@diakovere.de.

|June 22, 2021

Summary

Accurate lower limb alignment measurement is crucial for assessing deformity and planning surgery. EOS imaging provides 3D bone models for detailed assessment of complex, multidimensional limb malalignments.

Keywords:

3‑D imaging Genu valgum Genu varum Leg bones X ray tomography

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Radiology
Biomechanical analysis

Background:

Lower limb alignment assessment is vital for diagnosing deformities and guiding surgical interventions.
Knowledge of age-related normal alignment and joint angles is critical for effective surgical planning.
Traditional methods may have limitations in fully characterizing complex, multidimensional deformities.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of accurate lower limb alignment measurement in the frontal plane.
To emphasize the necessity of understanding age-related normal alignment for surgical planning.
To introduce the utility of EOS imaging for detailed assessment of multidimensional limb malalignments.

Main Methods:

Radiographic measurement of lower limb alignment in the frontal plane.
Utilizing EOS imaging (EOS™ Imaging, Paris, France) for data acquisition.
3D reconstruction of bone models from EOS data to assess deformity.

Main Results:

EOS imaging offers supplemental information beyond standard radiography.
It enables the assessment of multidimensional joint malalignments.
3D bone models facilitate a comprehensive evaluation of limb deformity.

Conclusions:

Accurate lower limb alignment assessment is fundamental for orthopedic surgery.
EOS imaging enhances the characterization of complex limb deformities.
3D modeling with EOS provides valuable insights for surgical planning and follow-up.