Priapism in Lymphoproliferative Disorders: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Urology

Background:

• Priapism is defined as a persistent penile erection lasting over 4 hours.
• Lymphoproliferative disorders encompass a range of lymphoid neoplasms.
• Understanding the link between priapism and these disorders is crucial for early diagnosis.

Approach:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted for reviews, case reports, and series.
• The search focused on patients diagnosed with lymphoproliferative disorders.
• Included disorders followed the 2016 World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

Key Points:

• Priapism was identified as a presenting symptom in several cases of lymphoproliferative disorders.
• The reviewed literature included chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, and lymphomas.
• A total of 16 relevant articles were identified, with data available up to January 4, 2021.

Conclusions:

• Priapism frequently manifests as the initial clinical sign of underlying lymphoproliferative disorders.
• Priapism occurring after diagnosis or treatment initiation is less common.
• This association highlights the importance of considering hematological malignancies in patients presenting with priapism.