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Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
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A Computational Method to Quantify Fly Circadian Activity
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Quantifying year-round nocturnal bird migration with a fluid dynamics model.

Raphaël Nussbaumer1,2, Silke Bauer1, Lionel Benoit2

  • 1Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|June 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Millions of birds migrate across Western Europe annually. A new flow model using weather radar data quantifies these massive avian migrations, revealing daily and seasonal population dynamics.

Keywords:
biomass flowecological modellinginteractive visualizationmigration ecologyornithologyweather radar

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Ornithology
  • Biogeography

Background:

  • Understanding biomass flows is crucial for ecosystem health.
  • Quantifying animal migrations requires multi-scale approaches.
  • Avian migration dynamics are complex and span vast distances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify bird migration patterns across Western Europe.
  • To analyze the influence of biomass flows on ecosystems.
  • To apply fluid dynamics principles to avian movement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized European weather radar network data for bird density and velocity.
  • Applied a flow model to track bird movements over nearly a year.
  • Quantified take-off, flight, and landing events across Western Europe.

Main Results:

  • Identified rapid migration waves involving up to 188 million birds taking off in a single night.
  • Estimated spring migration: 494M entered, 251M left, 243M remained.
  • Estimated autumn migration: 314M entered, 858M left the study area.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the power of interdisciplinary data (radar, flow models) for studying avian migration.
  • Provided fundamental quantities for understanding bird population dynamics.
  • Highlighted the potential for elucidating migration from nightly to yearly scales.