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Complement in metabolic disease: metaflammation and a two-edged sword.

B C King1, A M Blom2

  • 1Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. ben.king@med.lu.se.

Seminars in Immunopathology
|June 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Chronic inflammation, or metaflammation, links Western diets and sedentary lifestyles to obesity and diabetes. The complement system, part of immunity, also impacts metabolic control, influencing homeostasis positively or negatively.

Keywords:
AdipocyteC3C4BPCD59ComplementDiabetesInflammationInsulinObesity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Complement System Biology

Background:

  • Global epidemics of obesity and diabetes are linked to chronic low-grade tissue inflammation ('metaflammation').
  • Metaflammation arises from Western diets and sedentary lifestyles, disrupting the balance between metabolism and the immune system.
  • The complement system, a key part of innate immunity, is increasingly recognized for its roles beyond pathogen defense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of the complement system in metabolic control.
  • To explore how complement activity influences obesity and diabetes.
  • To examine the interactions between complement, tissue homeostasis, and metabolic regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies investigating complement system components and functions.
  • Analysis of research on the impact of diet and lifestyle on metaflammation.
  • Synthesis of findings on complement's role in metabolic tissues and homeostasis.

Main Results:

  • The complement system plays dual roles in metabolic control, affecting homeostasis both positively and negatively.
  • Complement activity's impact is dependent on its specific nature and location within tissues.
  • Imbalances in the complement system can exacerbate metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity and diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system is a critical factor in the development and progression of metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes.
  • Understanding complement's complex interactions offers potential therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders.
  • Further research into complement's tissue-specific functions is vital for metabolic health strategies.