Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

12.2K
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
12.2K
Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

3.3K
Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
3.3K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

14.4K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
14.4K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

5.0K
5.0K
The Physiology of Taste01:24

The Physiology of Taste

5.1K
The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
5.1K
Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

425
Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
425

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Receptors and signaling for sour and salty: the ionic taste qualities.

Chemical senses·2025
Same author

PDGFRα signaling regulates Srsf3 transcript binding to affect PI3K signaling and endosomal trafficking.

eLife·2024
Same author

PDGFRα signaling regulates Srsf3 transcript binding to affect PI3K signaling and endosomal trafficking.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

PDGFRα/β heterodimer activation negatively affects downstream ERK1/2 signaling and cellular proliferation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

The proton channel OTOP1 is a sensor for the taste of ammonium chloride.

Nature communications·2023
Same author

Inflammatory-mediated taste dysfunction - Is NO the key?

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

In vivo Calcium Imaging of Mouse Geniculate Ganglion Neuron Responses to Taste Stimuli
07:27

In vivo Calcium Imaging of Mouse Geniculate Ganglion Neuron Responses to Taste Stimuli

Published on: February 11, 2021

5.3K

GAD65Cre Drives Reporter Expression in Multiple Taste Cell Types.

Eric D Larson1, Aurelie Vandenbeuch1, Catherine B Anderson1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Aurora, CO, USA.

Chemical Senses
|June 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The GAD65Cre mouse line, intended to study Type I taste cells, shows expression in multiple cell types. This indicates it is not a reliable reporter for investigating Type I cell function in taste transduction.

Keywords:
Type I cellsgad65optogeneticstaste

More Related Videos

In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Taste-Induced Neural Responses in Adult Drosophila
06:30

In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Taste-Induced Neural Responses in Adult Drosophila

Published on: March 7, 2025

879
Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 1, 2025

In vivo Calcium Imaging of Mouse Geniculate Ganglion Neuron Responses to Taste Stimuli
07:27

In vivo Calcium Imaging of Mouse Geniculate Ganglion Neuron Responses to Taste Stimuli

Published on: February 11, 2021

5.3K
In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Taste-Induced Neural Responses in Adult Drosophila
06:30

In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Taste-Induced Neural Responses in Adult Drosophila

Published on: March 7, 2025

879
Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Sensory Biology

Background:

  • Type I cells constitute 50-60% of taste bud cells, primarily exhibiting glial-like functions.
  • Emerging evidence suggests Type I cells possess sensory and signaling roles, including salt transduction and neurotransmitter release.
  • Understanding Type I cell function is hindered by the lack of a specific reporter system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the specificity of the GAD65Cre mouse line as a reporter for Type I taste cells.
  • To validate the utility of GAD65Cre mice for studying taste transduction and signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Crossed GAD65Cre mice with floxed tdTomato and Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) reporter lines.
  • Utilized immunochemistry, chorda tympani recordings, and calcium imaging to assess transgene expression and cell activity.
  • Examined tdTomato expression in relation to known Type I cell markers (NTPDase2) and other taste cell markers (Gustducin, SNAP25).

Main Results:

  • tdTomato expression was observed in NTPDase2-positive cells but also in Gustducin and SNAP25-positive taste cells.
  • Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) expression was detected in cells outside the primary fungiform taste buds.
  • Chorda tympani recordings from GAD65Cre/ChR2 mice showed significant responses to blue light stimulation.
  • Isolated tdTomato-positive cells exhibited calcium influx upon KCl depolarization, indicating functional voltage-gated calcium channels.

Conclusions:

  • The GAD65Cre driver exhibits broader expression than anticipated, labeling multiple taste cell populations.
  • GAD65Cre mice are not specific to Type I taste cells and therefore are unreliable for studying their unique functions.
  • Further development of specific genetic tools is necessary for precise investigation of Type I taste cell physiology.