Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

2.6K
The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
2.6K
The Parasympathetic Nervous System01:14

The Parasympathetic Nervous System

112.2K
Overview
112.2K
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

1.1K
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
1.1K
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

999
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
999
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

139
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
139
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

107
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
107

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Symptomatic carotid web management: A prospective single-center cohort study.

Vascular diseases (Paris, France)·2026
Same author

Prevalence of anxiety and depression following small subcortical ischemic stroke and their association with MRI-defined brain damage: The DHU-LAC cohort study.

Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior·2025
Same author

Baseline features and functional outcomes in primary central nervous system vasculitis: development and validation of a prognostic model.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2025
Same author

Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke: From a decade of trials to the next frontier.

Med (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Thirty years of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: Historical perspectives, evidence from randomized trials, and emerging directions.

Med (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Vascular diseases (Paris, France)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
10:50

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Published on: March 26, 2019

7.9K

[Primary vasculitis of central nervous system].

Mathieu Zuber1

  • 1Service de neurologie et neurovasculaire, Groupe hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France - Université de Paris, France.

La Revue Du Praticien
|June 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNS) is challenging. Advanced imaging is key, and treatment strategies, including immunosuppressants, have improved outcomes with reduced mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Primary central nervous system vasculitis (PVCNS) is a rare condition characterized by inflammation of cerebral vessels without systemic disease.
  • Accurate diagnosis remains challenging despite recent large cohort studies.
  • Headache, stroke, and encephalopathy are common presenting symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic strategies for primary central nervous system vasculitis.
  • To highlight recent advancements in diagnostic imaging and treatment protocols.
  • To discuss prognostic factors and outcomes in PVCNS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent large cohort studies from the USA and France.
  • Emphasis on neuroimaging techniques such as MRI, MRA, CT angiography, and conventional angiography.
Keywords:
Central Nervous System DiseasesVasculitis

More Related Videos

Reliable Isolation of Central Nervous System Microvessels Across Five Vertebrate Groups
10:35

Reliable Isolation of Central Nervous System Microvessels Across Five Vertebrate Groups

Published on: January 12, 2020

8.8K
Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells
09:35

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Published on: May 19, 2020

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
10:50

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Published on: March 26, 2019

7.9K
Reliable Isolation of Central Nervous System Microvessels Across Five Vertebrate Groups
10:35

Reliable Isolation of Central Nervous System Microvessels Across Five Vertebrate Groups

Published on: January 12, 2020

8.8K
Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells
09:35

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Published on: May 19, 2020

10.0K
  • Discussion of treatment protocols involving corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.

    • Main Results:

    • Neuroimaging, particularly MRI and vascular imaging, is the cornerstone for diagnosis, often replacing cerebral biopsy.
    • Favorable prognostic indicators include distal vessel involvement, minimal ischemic events, and meningeal enhancement.
    • Treatment with prednisone alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide has improved outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Modern diagnostic approaches, primarily advanced neuroimaging, have improved the certainty of PVCNS diagnosis.
    • Identification of favorable prognostic factors guides treatment decisions.
    • Current medical care has significantly reduced PVCNS mortality rates to 5-10% at 5 years.