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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

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The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
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Craniosynostosis - A Review for Providers.

Nathan Whitsell1, Lauritz Meyer2,1

  • 1University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine.

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Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of skull sutures, requires prompt diagnosis for infants. Early intervention and surgical treatment are crucial to prevent developmental issues and manage head shape deformities.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Craniosynostosis involves the premature fusion of cranial vault sutures, leading to characteristic head shapes.
  • It can be isolated or syndromic, affecting multiple body systems.
  • Accurate diagnosis is vital for differentiating from other causes of cranial asymmetry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing specific craniosynostosis presentations for timely diagnosis.
  • To highlight the necessity of early referral to specialized craniofacial centers.
  • To outline the risks of untreated craniosynostosis and the benefits of prompt surgical intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on detailed patient history and physical examination.
  • Radiographic studies are essential for confirming the diagnosis.
  • Referral to specialists like pediatric neurosurgeons is recommended upon diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Untreated craniosynostosis can lead to severe craniofacial deformities.
  • It may inhibit brain growth and cause dangerous increases in intracranial pressure.
  • Early diagnosis facilitates exploration of all surgical treatment options.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and management of craniosynostosis are critical for optimal infant outcomes.
  • Surgical options, including open and minimally invasive procedures, are available.
  • Early referral ensures comprehensive care and management of this condition.