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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Psychological Flexibility in Caregivers of Children With Congenital Craniofacial Conditions in the United Kingdom.

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Toward a Conceptual and Methodological Shift in Craniofacial Research.

Nicola Marie Stock1, Kristin Billaud Feragen2, Tim P Moss1,3

  • 1Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
|June 24, 2021
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Summary

Research on the psychological impact of craniofacial conditions faces challenges. Addressing conceptual and methodological issues is crucial for a better understanding of adjustment and improved patient care.

Keywords:
cleftcraniofacialmeasurementmethodoutcomeresearch

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Craniofacial Research
  • Health Research

Background:

  • Psychological impact of craniofacial conditions shows outcome variability.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated adjustment challenges.
  • Existing literature is affected by persistent conceptual and methodological issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Summarize challenges impacting psychological adjustment research in craniofacial conditions.
  • Propose alternative perspectives and approaches for future research and practice.
  • Guide a shift in conceptualization and study of craniofacial conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive evaluation of existing literature on adjustment to congenital craniofacial conditions.
  • Identification and summarization of methodological approaches and conceptual issues.
  • Analysis of limitations in research design, measurement, and theoretical frameworks.

Main Results:

  • Identified conceptual limitations: multifactorial adjustment, lack of outcome consensus, inadequate models, deficit-focused approach.
  • Identified methodological shortcomings: non-representative samples, inconsistent criteria, lack of patient perspective, varied analysis, interdisciplinary gaps.
  • Findings are relevant across all craniofacial research and practice disciplines.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent conceptual and methodological challenges hinder understanding of craniofacial conditions.
  • A paradigm shift in conceptualizing and studying these conditions is necessary.
  • Addressing these challenges will lead to a comprehensive understanding and answer key stakeholder questions.