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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
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The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Cell Cycle Analysis in the C. elegans Germline with the Thymidine Analog EdU
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Cell cycle control during early embryogenesis.

Susanna E Brantley1, Stefano Di Talia1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|June 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Embryonic cell cycle control is vital for development. The Drosophila embryo reveals how chemical signals and gene expression coordinate cell division, morphogenesis, and the maternal-to-zygotic transition.

Keywords:
Cell cycleCytoplasmic flowsGastrulationMaternal-to-zygotic transitionSignaling waves

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Embryonic cell cycle regulation is crucial for early development, requiring coordination with morphogenesis.
  • Quantitative imaging advances reveal spatial and temporal control of cell cycle oscillators and mechanical signal integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the Drosophila embryo as a model for studying embryonic cell cycle mechanisms.
  • To compare conserved and species-specific mechanisms across different model systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing quantitative imaging approaches.
  • Analyzing rapid cleavage divisions in metazoan embryos.
  • Investigating inter-regulation between cell cycle and gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Rapid embryonic divisions depend on chemical waves and cytoplasmic flows for morphogenesis.
  • Late cleavage divisions show cell cycle regulation linked to gene expression for maternal-to-zygotic transition.
  • Transcriptional regulation precisely times mitosis for gastrulation morphogenesis and proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • The Drosophila embryo provides key insights into molecular and physical mechanisms of embryonic cell cycles.
  • Coordination of cell cycle, gene expression, and mechanical signals is essential for successful embryogenesis.