Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Disorders

The gut has been colonized with bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, eukarya. The human and bacterial cells are found in a 1:1 ratio, while the variance in the diversity of gut microbiota may result in dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis may result in various pathological manifestations. Beneficial gut microbiota may synthesize short-chain fatty acids like acetate, butyrate, propionate. Gram-negative organisms are the primary source of LPS, a potent pro-inflammatory mediator. Both gut microbiota and microbial products may be involved in immunomodulation as well as inflammation. Prebiotics and probiotics are being explored as therapeutic agents against various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in gut bacteria mediated modulation of various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.