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Risk of Cardiovascular Conditions in Patients with Chronic Hypoparathyroidism: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Elvira O Gosmanova1, Kristina Chen2, Markus Ketteler3,4
1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA. Elvira.Gosmanova@va.gov.
Insights
Patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism face a significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and arrhythmias. This study highlights the urgent need for further research into managing these risks.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Disordered calcium homeostasis in chronic hypoparathyroidism is linked to cardiovascular disease risks.
- Larger-scale studies are needed to confirm and examine these associations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the risk of incident cardiovascular conditions among patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism.
- To compare cardiovascular event rates between patients with and without chronic hypoparathyroidism.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study using a US medical insurance claims database (2007-2017).
- Followed adult patients with and without chronic hypoparathyroidism for up to 5 years.
- Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations with various cardiovascular outcomes.
Main Results:
- Patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism (n=8097) showed significantly higher adjusted risks for atrial fibrillation (AF), tachyarrhythmia, myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), stroke, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and a combined cardiovascular endpoint compared to controls (n=40,485).
- Adjusted hazard ratios ranged from 1.18 for MI to 1.66 for PVD.
- All associations were statistically significant (P < 0.001), except for MI (P = 0.036).
Conclusions:
- Chronic hypoparathyroidism is associated with an increased risk of incident cardiovascular conditions and arrhythmias.
- Findings are based on claims data and have inherent limitations.
- Further research is warranted to explore underlying mechanisms and develop risk-reduction strategies.
Introduction:
In patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism disordered calcium homeostasis has been associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia; however, larger-scale studies are needed to examine these risks. This study evaluated the risk of cardiovascular conditions among patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism.
Methods:
Adults with and without chronic hypoparathyroidism were selected from a medical insurance claims database in the USA from January 2007 to June 2017, and were followed for up to 5 years. Associations between chronic hypoparathyroidism and incident atrial fibrillation (AF), tachyarrhythmia, myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), stroke, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and a combined cardiovascular endpoint of cerebrovascular disease, CAD, HF, and PVD were compared between cohorts using Kaplan-Meier analyses and unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.
Results:
In 8097 patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism compared with 40,485 patients without, respectively, mean ± SD ages were 58.6 ± 16.3 and 47.3 ± 18.0 years, 76.2% and 54.4% were female, and 19.4% and 9.5% had the combination of cardiovascular findings at baseline. In adjusted analyses, patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism had significantly higher risk (adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval) of incident AF (1.72; 1.51-1.97), tachyarrhythmia (1.68; 1.32-2.14), MI (1.18; 1.01-1.38), CAD (1.39; 1.26-1.54), HF (1.64; 1.46-1.84), stroke (1.45; 1.31-1.62), cerebrovascular disease (1.48; 1.34-1.62), PVD (1.66; 1.51-1.81), and combined cardiovascular endpoint (1.63; 1.52-1.75), all P < 0.001 except P = 0.036 for MI, compared with patients without chronic hypoparathyroidism.
Conclusions:
This large retrospective cohort study showed that chronic hypoparathyroidism was associated with increased risk of incident cardiovascular conditions and arrhythmias. Results should be evaluated in light of limitations inherent to claims database analyses. Further studies are warranted to investigate reasons for these risks and to develop strategies for reducing cardiovascular conditions in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism.
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