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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Pseudogenes as Competitive Endogenous RNAs: Testing miRNA Dependency.

Xiaonan Xu1, Florian A Karreth2

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Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 24, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pseudogenes can act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by sequestering microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate gene expression. This study presents a method to experimentally validate if a pseudogene

Keywords:
PseudogeneceRNAmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Pseudogenes, once considered non-functional, are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles.
  • Competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) modulate gene expression by sponging microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • Establishing miRNA sequestration as the mechanism for pseudogene ceRNA activity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a robust experimental approach for assessing miRNA dependency of pseudogene ceRNA function.
  • To provide a framework for validating the ceRNA hypothesis for pseudogenes.

Main Methods:

  • Outline of an experimental strategy to test pseudogene ceRNA activity.
  • Focus on demonstrating the critical role of miRNA sequestration in the observed regulatory effects.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method allows for the assessment of miRNA dependency.
  • Experimental validation is key to confirming pseudogene ceRNA functionality.

Conclusions:

  • A defined experimental approach is essential for validating pseudogene ceRNA mechanisms.
  • This methodology will aid in the accurate identification and characterization of functional pseudogene ceRNAs.