Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Next-Generation Practical Lithium-Ion Batteries

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) utilize novel anode materials for higher energy density.
• These anodes often exhibit significant active lithium loss (ALL) during initial cycles, hindering performance.
• Addressing initial ALL is crucial for realizing the full potential of advanced LIBs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To theoretically explain the origin of initial ALL in novel LIB anodes.
• To summarize, classify, and compare various pre-lithiation strategies for mitigating ALL.
• To review research progress and provide future perspectives on pre-lithiation techniques.

Main Methods:

• Theoretical analysis of active lithium loss mechanisms.
• Comprehensive literature review and classification of pre-lithiation strategies.
• Comparative analysis of pre-lithiation methods across different electrochemical systems.

Main Results:

• Initial ALL in novel anodes is a major impediment to LIB performance.
• Pre-lithiation strategies effectively compensate for initial ALL by presetting lithium sources.
• These strategies significantly improve first Coulombic efficiency, energy density, and cyclability.

Conclusions:

• Pre-lithiation is a critical strategy for optimizing advanced LIBs with novel anodes.
• Further research is needed to tailor pre-lithiation techniques for specific applications.
• This report offers insights and guidelines for future research directions in LIB pre-lithiation.